電磁流量計在使用的過程當中,可能出現各種各樣的故障,但總的說來可以把所有的故障歸結為兩類,即調試期故障和運行期故障。
所謂的調(diao)試期故障一般出現(xian)在儀表安(an)裝(zhuang)調(diao)試階(jie)段,這種故障一經排除,在以(yi)后相同的條件(jian)下不會再(zai)出現(xian)的。主要表現(xian)在安(an)裝(zhuang)方面、環境方面和流(liu)體方面。
安裝方(fang)面:通常(chang)是指由電磁流(liu)量計安裝不正確引起的故障,常(chang)見的有(you)如傳感器(qi)安裝在自上而下的垂(chui)直管(guan)上,或(huo)易積聚氣體的管(guan)系zui高點;或(huo)傳感器(qi)后(hou)無背(bei)壓,流(liu)體直接排入大氣而形(xing)成測量管(guan)內非滿管(guan)。這幾(ji)種情況(kuang)都有(you)可能導(dao)致(zhi)電磁流(liu)量計使用出現(xian)故障。
環境方面:通常主要(yao)是空間(jian)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁波(bo)干擾(rao),管道(dao)雜(za)(za)散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流干擾(rao),大型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機磁場干擾(rao)等。空間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁波(bo)干擾(rao)一般經信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 纜引入,通常采用單層或多層屏蔽予以保護(hu)。而管道(dao)雜(za)(za)散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流干擾(rao)則通常采取良好(hao)的單獨接地保護(hu)就可獲得滿意結(jie)果,但如果遇到強大的雜(za)(za)散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解車間(jian)管道(dao),有時(shi)在兩(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上感(gan)應的交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢峰值Vpp可高達1V),尚需(xu)采取另外措施和流量傳感(gan)器與管道(dao)絕(jue)緣等。<br
流體(ti)(ti)方面:當被測液體(ti)(ti)中含有(you)均勻分布的微小氣泡通常不影響(xiang)電(dian)磁流量計的正常工(gong)作,但隨(sui)著(zhu)氣泡的增(zeng)大(da),儀(yi)表輸出(chu)信號會(hui)出(chu)現波動(dong),若氣泡大(da)到足以遮蓋整個電(dian)極表面時,隨(sui)著(zhu)氣泡流過電(dian)極會(hui)使電(dian)極回路瞬間(jian)斷路而使輸出(chu)信號出(chu)現更(geng)大(da)的波動(dong)
所(suo)謂的運行期故障(zhang)是指經初期調試并正(zheng)常運行一段(duan)時間(jian)后在運行期間(jian)出現的故障(zhang),如(ru):流量傳感器內壁附(fu)著層,遭雷點擊,還有環(huan)境條(tiao)件變(bian)化等(deng)。
內壁附(fu)著層:由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁流量(liang)(liang)計測量(liang)(liang)含有污(wu)臟體或懸(xuan)浮固(gu)體的機會(hui)比其他流量(liang)(liang)計多(duo),導(dao)致內壁附(fu)著層產生故障(zhang)的概率也就更高(gao)。若(ruo)是(shi)絕緣(yuan)性附(fu)著層,電(dian)(dian)(dian)極表(biao)面(mian)被絕緣(yuan)而斷(duan)開測量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路;若(ruo)是(shi)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率附(fu)著層,電(dian)(dian)(dian)極間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢被短路,這兩種情況均會(hui)使儀表(biao)無(wu)法工(gong)作(zuo)。還有若(ruo)是(shi)附(fu)著層電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率與液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)率相近,儀表(biao)仍(reng)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo),只是(shi)改變(bian)流通的面(mian)積,造成測量(liang)(liang)誤差的隱性故障(zhang)。
遭雷電(dian)擊(ji) :在(zai)線(xian)路(lu)中感(gan)應瞬時浪(lang)(lang)涌電(dian)流和(he)高電(dian)壓(ya)時遭遇雷電(dian)擊(ji),信號進(jin)入(ru)儀表就會損(sun)壞儀表。雷電(dian)擊(ji)損(sun)儀表有三條引入(ru)途徑:激磁線(xian),電(dian)源線(xian)和(he)傳感(gan)器與轉(zhuan)換器間(jian)流量信號,但是從(cong)雷電(dian)故障損(sun)壞零件的(de)角度分(fen)析,引起故障的(de)感(gan)應高電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)浪(lang)(lang)涌電(dian)流大部分(fen)是從(cong)控(kong)制室電(dian)源接線(xian)路(lu)引入(ru)的(de),而另外兩條是較(jiao)少(shao)的(de)。
環境條件變化:主要的原因同調試(shi)期故障環境方面,只是干擾(rao)源(yuan)(yuan)不在(zai)(zai)調試(shi)期出現而(er)在(zai)(zai)運行(xing)期間再介入。如(ru)一些接地保護并不理想(xiang)的電磁流量計,調試(shi)期因為(wei)沒有(you)干擾(rao)源(yuan)(yuan),儀表(biao)卻仍(reng)能(neng)正常(chang)工作,但是在(zai)(zai)出現新干擾(rao)源(yuan)(yuan),儀表(biao)的輸出信號就會大幅(fu)度波動,不能(neng)正常(chang)工作!
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